The Cloisters: A Medieval Marvel in New York City
Introduction to the Cloisters
Located in Upper Manhattan, within the serene setting of Fort Tryon Park, The Cloisters is a unique branch of the Metropolitan Museum of Art, dedicated to the art and architecture of medieval Europe. This captivating museum transports visitors to a different time with its monastic-inspired architecture and a collection that includes some of the finest works of medieval art in the world.The Cloisters is designed to evoke the feeling of a medieval European monastery, with its reconstructed Romanesque and Gothic chapels, courtyards, and cloisters (covered walkways), all brought together to create an immersive experience. From intricate tapestries to delicate illuminated manuscripts, this museum offers a glimpse into the rich artistic and cultural traditions of medieval Europe, making it a must-visit destination for art lovers and history enthusiasts alike.
History of the Cloisters
The creation of The Cloisters was the vision of American sculptor and art historian George Grey Barnard, who began collecting medieval art and architectural fragments in the early 20th century. His collection eventually caught the attention of philanthropist John D. Rockefeller Jr., who provided the funds necessary to expand the collection and construct the museum.Rockefeller’s contribution went beyond financial support. In 1935, he donated the land for Fort Tryon Park, a sprawling public park designed by the renowned landscape architect Frederick Law Olmsted Jr., where The Cloisters was eventually built. The museum opened in 1938, and its design, by architect Charles Collens, was inspired by four French medieval monasteries. The incorporation of actual medieval architectural elements—stones, windows, and columns—gives the museum its authentic feel.
Architectural Marvels of the Cloisters
The Cloisters is more than just a museum—it’s an architectural treasure in its own right. Built to resemble a medieval monastery, the museum seamlessly blends elements from Romanesque and Gothic architecture, creating a peaceful and contemplative environment for visitors to explore the world of medieval art.Key Architectural Highlights Include:
- The Cuxa Cloister: Originally part of the Benedictine monastery of Saint-Michel-de-Cuxa in the Pyrenees, this cloister is the heart of The Cloisters. Surrounded by graceful arches, the cloister garden is filled with medieval medicinal herbs and plants, creating a serene oasis within the museum.
- The Fuentidueña Chapel: A striking example of Romanesque architecture, this chapel features a semicircular apse and frescoes from the Church of San MartÃn in Fuentidueña, Spain. The grand scale and simple beauty of the chapel make it one of the museum’s most impressive spaces.
- The Langon Chapel: This intimate Gothic chapel is filled with light streaming through its original stained-glass windows, which depict saints and biblical scenes in rich colors.
- The Bonnefont Cloister: The Bonnefont Cloister is another reconstructed monastic space, featuring medieval stone carvings and a lush garden filled with plants that were commonly used in medieval Europe.
Artistic Treasures at The Cloisters
The Cloisters houses an extraordinary collection of medieval European art, spanning from the 12th to the 15th centuries. Many of these works are housed in spaces designed to resemble the chapels, cloisters, and great halls of medieval Europe, enhancing the visitor’s experience by presenting the art in its architectural context.Noteworthy Pieces in the Collection Include:
- The Unicorn Tapestries: Perhaps the most famous works in The Cloisters' collection, these stunning 15th-century tapestries depict the mystical hunt of the unicorn. The intricate detail and rich symbolism of these tapestries make them a highlight for many visitors.
- The Merode Altarpiece: This exquisite 15th-century triptych is one of the finest examples of Northern European painting. The detailed and vibrant depiction of the Annunciation is a masterpiece of early Netherlandish art.
- Medieval Manuscripts: The Cloisters also has an impressive collection of illuminated manuscripts, which offer a glimpse into the religious and artistic life of medieval Europe. These beautifully decorated books, often created by monks, are works of art in their own right.
- Medieval Metalwork: From intricate reliquaries to stunning examples of medieval jewelry, the collection of metalwork at The Cloisters showcases the artistry and craftsmanship of medieval goldsmiths.
The Gardens of the Cloisters
One of the most enchanting aspects of The Cloisters is its gardens, which are meticulously designed to reflect the horticultural practices of the Middle Ages. The museum features several gardens, each inspired by medieval texts and illuminated manuscripts that described the plants and gardening techniques of the time.- The Cuxa Cloister Garden: This garden is planted with herbs, fruit trees, and flowers that were commonly grown in medieval monastic gardens. Visitors can wander among the beds of lavender, rosemary, and thyme, surrounded by the tranquil sounds of the central fountain.
- The Bonnefont Cloister Garden: This garden is a living museum of medieval horticulture with over 250 species of plants that were grown for medicinal, culinary, and decorative purposes during the Middle Ages.
- The Trie Cloister Garden: This smaller garden is planted with species that are depicted in the museum’s collection of tapestries and manuscripts. The garden changes with the seasons, offering a different experience with each visit.
10 Common Questions About the Cloisters
What are the cloisters?
The Cloisters is a museum in New York City dedicated to medieval European art and architecture, part of the Metropolitan Museum of Art.When were The Cloisters founded?
The Cloisters opened in 1938.Where is The Cloisters located?
The museum is located in Fort Tryon Park in Upper Manhattan, New York City.What is the architectural style of The Cloisters?
The Cloisters incorporate elements of Romanesque and Gothic architecture.What are some famous works in The Cloisters' collection?
Notable works include the Unicorn Tapestries and the Merode Altarpiece.What is unique about The Cloisters' gardens?
The gardens are designed to reflect the horticultural practices of medieval Europe, with plants commonly used in monastic gardens.Can visitors tour The Cloisters?
Yes, The Cloisters offers self-guided and docent-led tours for visitors.Who was the founder of The Cloisters?
The museum was largely developed by George Grey Barnard with the financial backing of John D. Rockefeller Jr.What is the significance of the Unicorn Tapestries?
The Unicorn Tapestries are considered one of the greatest surviving examples of medieval art, rich in symbolism and craftsmanship.Is The Cloisters suitable for all ages?
Yes, The Cloisters offers exhibits and programs that appeal to visitors of all ages, including family-friendly activities.Visiting the Cloisters
The Cloisters offers a peaceful escape from the bustling streets of New York City, providing a serene environment for art lovers and history enthusiasts. Visitors can explore the museum’s many rooms, each filled with treasures from medieval Europe, and wander through the beautiful gardens that surround the building.Practical Information:
Admission: As part of the Metropolitan Museum of Art, admission to The Cloisters is included with a general admission ticket to The Met.Location: Fort Tryon Park, Upper Manhattan, New York City.
Hours: Open daily from 10:00 AM to 4:30 PM, with extended hours in the summer months.
Tours: Docent-led tours are available, offering visitors a deeper understanding of the art, architecture, and history of the museum.